In this article, football has been considered and studied as a social cultural MODERNIZATION context. From the researchers point of view, football is a prevalent context in which it has been presented and supported by the new social forces quite voluntarily. Today football has been considered not only as a fair play but also as a life context. At the end, the researcher has tried to demonstrate what this new status means, on the basis of a Weberian approach, or what the nature of this new event is.

George Orwell, the English novelist, wrote his famous novel "1984" to criticize the utopias of his era. In his novel, Orwell, always seeking to warn about the possible outcomes of totalitarianism, portrays a man who is subjugated by the rigid power structures and has become a political subject, a subject pushed to his limits. Therefore, the important point here is Orwell's view of human being and its transformation to a subject. Orwell's overemphasis on subjugation gives a metaphysical aspect to human being and at the same time offers him another utopian system. The very system that Orwell previously intended to criticize now entraps him. In fact, this is exactly where Orwell's PARADOX lies; since while criticizing utopia, he proposes non-dominance utopia to his metaphysical subject. This PARADOX is due to Orwell's view to human being as a political subject.

Since the time of Plato, relativism has been attacked as a self-refuting theory. Today, there are two basic kinds of argument that are used to show that global relativism is logically incoherent: first, a direct descendent of the argument Plato uses against Protagoras, called the peritrope; and, second, a more recent argument that relativism leads to an infinite regress. Although some relativist theories may be formulated in such a way as to be susceptible to these arguments, there are other versions of relativism that are impervious to these charges of incoherence. First the arguments against relativism will be stated. Next, a radical form of global relativism with assessment sensitivity is introduced, RR. Finally, it is shown how RR can be defended against the challenges of the peritrope and the regress. No attempt is made to defend RR as a plausible theory; however, the usual attempts to show the logical incoherence of radical forms of global relativism fail.

Based on western philosophical thought, a thorough reconsideration of the rapid urban and regional MODERNIZATION procedures reveals continual principles that have, and are, guiding the course of modern urbanism. By contemplating the subjectivity of Modernity and its corresponding phenomenon 'capitalism', the authors aim at discovering the specifications of urban MODERNIZATION procedures, so as to be able to judge the contemporary city and the contemporary urbanism. This will also uncover some interesting aspects of early modernists' speculations on, and their correct understanding of the 'modern city'.